Artikel
Economic development and gender equality : is there a gender Kuznets curve?
Verfasst von:
Eastin, Joshua
[weitere]
in:
World politics
Princeton:
2013
,
156 - 186 S.
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Weitere Informationen
| Einrichtung: | Ariadne | Wien |
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| Verfasst von: | Eastin, Joshua; Prakash, Aseem info |
| In: | World politics |
| Jahr: | 2013 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Beschreibung: | |
| This research note examines the relationship between economic development and gender equality. Drawing on the concept of the Kuznets curve, the authors hypothesize that the relationship between economic development and gender inequality is curvilinear (S shaped), with three distinct stages. In the first stage, economic development improves gender equality because it enables greater female labor-force participation. An independent income stream increases women's intrahousehold bargaining power. The opportunity to develop human capital confers greater political and social recognition. In the second stage, labor-force stratification and gender discrimination encourage divergent male/female income trajectories, which decrease the opportunity costs of female labor-force withdrawal and lend traction to social resistance against burgeoning gender norms. Consequently, there is a deceleration in initial equality gains. In the final stage, gender equality again improves, as greater educational participation and technological advancement provide new employment opportunities for women, increase the opportunity costs of staying home, and encourage the evolution of new social institutions and norms that overcome prior discriminatory practices. The authors find support for this argument in statistical tests of the relationship between economic development and gender equality on a panel of 146 developing countries for the period 1980–2005. | |
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