in:
Kreuzzug und Gender / herausgegeben von Ingrid Baumgärtner und Melanie Panse
Berlin:
<> Gruyter
,
2016
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| Einrichtung: | Ariadne | Wien |
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| Verfasst von: | Auffarth, Christoph |
| In: | Kreuzzug und Gender / herausgegeben von Ingrid Baumgärtner und Melanie Panse |
| Jahr: | 2016 |
| Sprache: | Deutsch |
| Beschreibung: | |
| As in many cultures, in medieval societies, too, there are gender constructions different from the male/female duality. The paper discusses the issue of a third gender concerning monks and nuns in the context of crusades. Militia defined as military violence as a virile task has long contradicted the idea of militia Christi as the task of virgines (univocally used for monks of both sexes). During the Crusades this contradiction weakens. Furthermore, the term ‘Crusade’ as a military expedition must be called into question. The military goal stands side by side with the pilgrim’s goal, which is pursued by women as well. In a second part, the paper discusses the participation of women in the Crusades neither as (rare) combatants nor as the (often invoked) figure of sexual handmaids. Two narratives of women who became nuns after their Crusade represent two types: Hildegund of Schoenau, bearing a male name and masculine clothes, becomes a male monk and is sanctified, although her ‘real’ sex was revealed after her death. The other woman, Margarita of Jerusalem (or: of Beverly), repudiates being a man and aims at imitating the holy virgin Mary. To become perfect (that is, a monk), it was necessary to shed the dangerous female sex, as Cistercian theologians imply. | |
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